Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Sahara. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est Sahara. Afficher tous les articles

samedi 13 juillet 2013

Ramadan in the Sahara: the return to the origins and Mother Nature

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Ramadan in the Sahara: the return to the origins and Mother Nature

By Rachid Khouya

Morocco World News

Smara, Morocco, July 13, 2013

A lot of people prefer to leave the cities and spend their Ramadan in the Sahara, far from the noise of cars and the slavery of technology and modern life.

They take their children to the heart of the desert so as to spend this holy month in the open horizons of Mother Nature, far from all aspect of modernity, civilization and mass media.

In the desert, they spend their days with their ship, goats and camels under the shadow of trees or inside their tents worshiping God, reading the Qoran, singing spiritual and religious songs, composing poems and thinking about life and creation.

They travel inside their collective memory remembering what they were and how they used to live with their grandfathers and grandmothers in those beautiful years that are gone with the wind of forgetfulness.

The Sahara gives people the sense of being free from all images of modern technological slavery and pollution of the mind, the spirit and the heart.

They are far from the news of killings, violence and deaths brought by the mass media, bad movies, and shows that are produced and presented during Ramadan on both national and international channels with the only purpose of disturbing and corrupting our psyches.

Inside the desert, we renew the natural relations with Mother Nature. We use our senses, feelings and hearts. Our eyes watch and see the different components of nature.

We spend the mornings and afternoons with our herds of animals and we watch them as they look for food and water. We follow them with our eyes as they graze in pastures.

This allows us to feel the greatness of the creator who gave us minds and reason. Consequently, we thank God for creating us as humans instead of animals.

By night, we light fires to see what the sun light hides. Darkness of the desert is itself another light that unveils a different type of beauty and other aspects of the desert’s wonders and secrets.
Most of the time, people spend the nights with families, singing songs of their ancestors and listening to the tales, stories and histories of their grandparents.

People get connected with their past as they reflect and think about the lives our forefathers, the tribes and the knights who used to dwell in the middle of the desert’s tents, which is not only an empty void, but a magical world full of unseen beauty and untested sweetness and greatness.

When people spend their nights on the dunes, they watch the world by the light of the moon and the stars. The stars guide their paths and their lives and guide the way of the travelers through the night.

The Sahraoui people always wait impatiently for the sunset to enjoy the beautiful scene of the stars as they wake up, while the sun makes its way to bed and to sleep.

The desert is special because we are able to listen to the beautiful songs and sounds of the wind and the voices of animals. We listen to the beatings of our hearts and to the beatings of the world.

People eat and drink only natural food and drinks, like the milk of the camel. They prepare tea at night around the fire and on the coal, using everything the desert has to offer.

The time people spend in the Sahara, is like the time students spend at school. They take classes of history, literature and anthropology, where parents pass the lessons they learned from nature and from the desert to their children.

The school of the desert does not only produce learners who have heads filled and stored with useless ideas and lessons, the Sahara sharpens the life skills of the people and put them in real situations where they must use their intelligence to solve the problems they face.

The Sahara teaches people to rely on themselves, to find solutions to whatever obstacle and problem they face and to use their entire being to find their way and to live.

The men and women of the desert do not believe in the impossible. They bear with patience the lack of food, water, means of transportation, and medicine, and they rely on what the womb of nature gives them.
This makes them live life for the pure joy of being alive. Their motto is, ‘to be or to be’. They do not believe in ‘not to be ‘. This is the kind of citizens we need, people who love their natural and cultural contexts, and people who are self-reliant, self-made and self-dependent.

Ramadan is the month where we should be spiritual beings, doing the mission we are created for on this earth: to worship God and to understand that all aspects of material life are nothing, temporary and passing.

We are born naked and we will die naked. When we die, we certainly will leave everything behind. Thus it is better to share what we have with those who do not have and to do good deeds as long as we are still alive.

Living in the desert is like a journey inside the womb of spirituality. People leave behind all their possessions, their technological tools and beautiful houses and clothes. They carry only their tents and their daily food and they live like birds with no stores and no bank accounts. They rely on God to guide them, to feed them and to water them.

The desert is a hospital that cures our mental psychological illnesses, helps us to get rid of depression, tension and noise of modern life and it frees from the shackles of machines and technology.

Living in the island of the sand and the dunes encourages the values of self-reliance, group work, family connection, and revives our collective memories and our natural intelligences far from selfishness, egoism, greed and the pollution of all what is human and natural. It is a real return to the origins and to Mother Nature.

mardi 11 juin 2013

The Sahara issue: the need to inform and engage the local population

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The Sahara issue: the need to inform and engage the local population

By Rachid Khouya

Morocco World News

Smara, Morocco, June 11, 2013

The organization of a national conference in Smara last weekend about the tools and strategies of boosting regionalism was an opportunity for the youth of the region to meet a group of Moroccan scholars and university professors to shed light upon the Moroccan project of autonomy in the Sahara.

Many people felt there was a lack of information on the part of the government and the media, as well as an absence of local political parties informing and educating the people to help them better understand what is being discussed and what can be done. The majority of people blame the government for this silence and lack of information and political illiteracy that is spread among the population of the Sahara which facilitates the spread of rumors by the enemies.of our territorial integrity, chief of which Algeria and South Africa. . Consequently, many youth and people believe their lies and destructive agendas.

The questions asked after the presentations by the audience and during private meetings with scholars and university teachers clearly show that there is a great need and thirst among the people to know what the government is going to do and what is being discussed on the tables of negotiations with the Polisario.

Ahmed, a student told MWN that, “the issue of the Sahara has to be a national issue and has to be debated locally and nationally. The people of the Sahara should know what their role is in the coming chapters of this created movie. They have to be informed, counseled, listened to and their opinions and suggestions have to be taken into account because they are the ones concerned directly and indirectly, with whatever agreement is decided between the parties.”

He added that, “the government should encourage the new elite, integrate them into the social, economic and cultural sphere, fight all aspects of poverty and marginalization,communicate with local people, integrate those who came back from Tindouf to the homeland and foster the role of political parties and civil society to spread the values of citizenship, good governance, responsibility and social justice in order to close all the windows and horizons in front of the Polisario and their supporters who exploit social ills to give it political interpretations both nationally and internationally.”

Clearly, there is a lot of work to be done locally and at home in addition to the work being done at the international level. But the first and most important steps should be done internally by strengthening the national front and this necessitates a new strategy to be followed in the Southern provinces built upon: informing, sensitizing and engaging the local population.

© Morocco World News. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, rewritten or redistributed

mercredi 5 juin 2013

Large Autonomy : a substantial solution to the Sahara issue

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Large Autonomy : a substantial solution to the Sahara issue  By Said Temsamani

Morocco World News

Washington, June 5, 2013

Since 1976, the Western Sahara is experiencing a conflict between the Sahrawi independence movement Polisario Front and Morocco, which claims sovereignty over the entire territory. It is no secret that Algeria, which supports and arms the Polisario Front has been seeking an opening on the Atlantic Ocean.

Recently while all eyes were on Mali crisis or replicas facing Tunisia, Libya and Egypt after their “spring”, the U.S. representative to the Group of Friends of the Sahara had proposed to other members (Britain, Spain, Russia and France) a resolution which sought to include human rights monitoring mechanism in the mandate of MINURSO, the UN Mission in the Sahara.

King Mohammed has personally expressed his displeasure by canceling last month joint military maneuvers between his country and the United States. He received the support of all political parties in the kingdom and civil society.

The other members of the Group of Friends of the Sahara have finally been quick to distance themselves from the U.S. initiative. Equally important, the Malian Minister of Foreign Affairs Tieman Coulibalyi said in early February that fighters from the ranks of the Polisario had been spotted in northern Mali. The Western powers did not want to destabilize a little more a fragile region in which Morocco has always been characterized as an island of stability.

 Since the entry into force of the cease-fire in 1991, the final status of Western Sahara remains to be determined.In a resolution adopted at the unanimously April 25, 2013, the “great powers” and the UN Security Council reaffirmed the primacy of the autonomy initiative presented by Morocco. The UN text reiterates that “the status quo is unacceptable” and that we must find a solution to the dispute between the Kingdom of Morocco and Algeria. Mohammed VI can even take advantage of the “serious and credible” efforts made by his country to find a solution to the question of Western Sahara.

No less important were the words of François Hollande during his visit to Tangier and Rabat in early April. The French President reiterated his “firm and unequivocal” position in favor of the Moroccan autonomy plan for the Sahara. He also added: “Morocco makes every day decisive steps towards democracy, consistently paves the way towards development, ensuring its unity based on the recognition of diversity.” Moreover, he hails the Autonomy plan presented in 2007 by Morocco, which advocates a broad autonomy within the sovereignty of the Moroccan. “I repeat here, and this is a serious and credible basis for a negotiated solution.” This project is now supported by France, Spain and to most of the countries of the Arab League, it seems to be the only valid solution.

The ball is now in the camp of Sahrawis and their Algerian ally. Long will they continue to turn a deaf ear to the diplomats who advocate realism, refusing to exert any pressure on Rabat and recall the words of Peter van Walsum, the Special Envoy of the Secretary General of the UN in the region , who said that “independent Western Sahara was not a realistic proposition”

On the ground, the viability of the autonomy solution proposed by Morocco is translated by symbolic gestures. One of these gestures is the refusal of some Sahrawi refugees, who come from the Tindouf camps to the Moroccan southern provinces in the context of the family exchange visit program organized periodically by the UNHCR, to go back to Tindouf and who willingly choose to stay in their homeland. Convinced of the Moroccan government’s sincerity to settle this artificial territorial dispute through its autonomy proposal, many Sahrawis who returned to their homeland, have seized this unique opportunity to put an end to the sufferings and hardships they endured in the camps of Tindouf in the Algerian desert.

If the Sahrawis want to take up the autonomy challenge, they must “take their future in their own hands” and seize the opportunity of the different projects initiated and the tremendous efforts made by Morocco in its southern provinces.

For Morocco’s critics, the history of the conflict begins in 1975. It was at that time that the Green March was launched by the late Hassan II. Morocco’s southern provinces were christened the “Western Sahara” by the UN, and the Polisario was created. Yet if these critics expanded their lenses and went further back in time, they’d find out that 1975 was merely the culmination of decades of Moroccan resistance to French and Spanish encroachments on Moroccan sovereignty and the Moroccan people’s tireless struggle to reclaim their territories. Morocco had existed as a sovereign state for centuries. Most of its dynasties originated from the Sahara. The Almoravids, who founded Marrakech and made it the capital of their far—flung empire, were from that disputed region, most likely from Mauritania.

The ties with the Sahara, all the way to the Senegal, rose and ebbed with events in history. By the time the French and Spaniards started their expansionist designs on the region, most people north of Senegal and the Algerian Sahara paid allegiance to the Moroccan sultan and conducted Friday prayers in his name. These were the markers of sovereignty in pre-colonial Muslim societies, not the precise territorial boundaries that European states had to establish to sort out their own feuds.

Even international law, as the scholar George Joffé noted in an article that is yet to be surpassed in its historical depth and probity, doesn’t condone the dismemberment of a people or nation. And for good reason. If every region were to seek its independence through a concocted process of self-determination, then the world would disintegrate into utter chaos. Spain has refused to let go of the Basque region or Catalonia, even though these two autonomous regions have stronger claims to independence than the Polisario could ever claim.

So why this sympathy for a “Western Sahara” that never existed, a vast stretch of desert the size of Colorado with no arable land at all, and whose borders were delineated by a Franco-Spanish team between 1956 and 1958? For some, it may seem the “progressive” thing to do, and for others, it’s part of a strategic ploy to maintain a precarious balance of power in the region. Either way, Morocco’s adversaries rely on flimsy historical justifications and a lot of colonialist philosophy (Roman law, ambiguous or contradictory provisions in international law, as Joffé indicated).

The solution that Morocco now proposes—autonomy within Morocco—is not a device to circumvent the UN-sponsored resolution; it is, in my opinion, merely the modern version of the old bay’a (allegiance) principle that bonded the Sahrawis with the rest of the country. Because the sultan and his army couldn’t be everywhere at once, substantial autonomy was the de facto solution to government in pre-colonial times. As long as people paid taxes and recognized the sultan in their prayers, they were left to manage their affairs as they saw fit.

Samir Bennis, Leila Hanafi talking about the Sahara at George Washington University

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AppId is over the quota
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